منابع مشابه
Renal transplantation: can we reduce calcineurin inhibitor/stop steroids? Evidence based on protocol biopsy findings.
How to combine antirejection drugs and which is the optimal dose of steroids and calcineurin inhibitors beyond the first year after kidney transplantation to maintain adequate immunosuppression without major side effects are far from clear. Kidney transplant patients on steroid, cyclosporine (CsA), and azathioprine were randomized to per-protocol biopsy (n = 30) or no-biopsy (n = 29) 1 to 2 yr ...
متن کاملBacteriuria, reflux, and renal scarring
Much of the confusion in the discussion of these topics reflects differences of nomenclature not of fact, and a failure to relate the wide variation in severity both of reflux and of renal damage to their long-term implications. In this article, significant bacteriuria denotes the presence of actively multiplying organisms in the urinary tract and is indicated in girls by a pure growth of at le...
متن کاملRenal scarring and vesicoureteric reflux.
A review of 105 children with urinary tract infection showed an increasing prevalence of grades II-III vesicoureteric reflux with diminishing age. During infancy reflux was almost always severe, and affected boys as often as girls. Radiologically scarred kidneys were drained by refluxing ureters in 98% of cases. The prevalence of scars also rose significantly with increasinglyly severe reflux. ...
متن کاملBacteriuria, reflux, and renal scarring
Much of the confusion in the discussion of these topics reflects differences of nomenclature not of fact, and a failure to relate the wide variation in severity both of reflux and of renal damage to their long-term implications. In this article, significant bacteriuria denotes the presence of actively multiplying organisms in the urinary tract and is indicated in girls by a pure growth of at le...
متن کاملBacteriuria, reflux, and renal scarring
Much of the confusion in the discussion of these topics reflects differences of nomenclature not of fact, and a failure to relate the wide variation in severity both of reflux and of renal damage to their long-term implications. In this article, significant bacteriuria denotes the presence of actively multiplying organisms in the urinary tract and is indicated in girls by a pure growth of at le...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Urology
سال: 2011
ISSN: 1759-4812,1759-4820
DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.150